Financial Technology

Subset of technologies used in finance

Financial technology (abbreviated fintech or FinTech) is the technology and innovation that aims to compete with traditional financial methods in the delivery of financial services.[1][2][3] It is an emerging industry that uses technology to improve activities in finance.[4] The use of smartphones for mobile banking, investing, borrowing services,[5] and cryptocurrency are examples of technologies aiming to make financial services more accessible to the general public. Financial technology companies consist of both startups and established financial institutions and technology companies trying to replace or enhance the usage of financial services provided by existing financial companies. A subset of fintech companies that focus on the insurance industry are collectively known as insurtech or insuretech companies.[6][7]

Definition[edit]
After reviewing more than 200 scientific papers citing the term “fintech”, a study on the definition of fintech concluded that “fintech is a new financial industry that applies technology to improve financial activities.”[8] Fintech is the new applications, processes, products, or business models in the financial services industry, composed of one or more complementary financial services and provided as an end-to-end process via the Internet.[5]

Key areas[edit]
Financial technology has been used to automate investments, insurance, trading, banking services and risk management.[9]

The services may originate from various independent service providers including at least one licensed bank or insurer. The interconnection is enabled through open APIs and open banking and supported by regulations such as the European Payment Services Directive.

Robo-advisers are a class of automated financial adviser that provide financial advice or investment management online with moderate to minimal human intervention.[10] They provide digital financial advice based on mathematical rules or algorithms, and thus can provide a low-cost alternative to a human advisers.

Global investment in financial technology increased more than 12,000% from $930 million in 2008 to $121.6 billion in 2020.[11] 2019 saw a record high with the total global investment in financial technology being $215.3 billion, of which Q3 alone accounted for $144.7 billion in investment.[12]

In H1 2021, Fintech deal volume hit a new high of 2,456 deals accounting for $98 billion in investment. Global VC investment was higher than $52 billion in H1’21 — very close to the annual record of $54 billion seen in 2018.[13]

H1’21 saw $21 billion in corporate-affiliated VC investment. CVC deal volume reached a high of 284 in Q1’21, and then grew further to 312 in Q2’21.[14]

The Americas saw about $51.4 billion of fintech investment in H1’21, with the US alone accounting for $42.1 billion. In the EMEA region, investment in fintech was very robust at $39.1 billion. In Asia-Pacific, fintech investment grew between H2’20 and H1’21 — rising from $4.5 billion to $7.5 billion, although it was subdued in comparison with previous record highs.[15]

The nascent financial technology industry in London has seen rapid growth over the last few years, according to the office of the Mayor of London. Forty percent of the City of London’s workforce is employed in financial and technology services.[16] As of April 2019, about 76,500 people form the UK-wide FinTech workforce, and this number is projected to rise to 105,500 by 2030. Of the current fintech workforce in the UK, 42% of workers are from overseas. [17]

In Europe, $1.5 billion was invested in financial technology companies in 2014, with London-based companies receiving $539 million, Amsterdam-based companies $306 million, and Stockholm-based companies receiving $266 million in investment. After London, Stockholm is the second highest funded city in Europe in the past 10 years. Europe’s fintech deals reached a five-quarter high, rising from 37 in Q to 47 in Q1 2016.[18][19] Lithuania is starting to become a northern European hub for financial technology companies since the news in 2016 about the possible exit of Britain from the European Union. Lithuania has issued 51 fintech licenses since 2016, 32 of those in 2017.[20]

Fintech companies in the United States raised $12.4 billion in 2018, a 43% increase over 2017 figures.[21]

In the Asia Pacific region, the growth will see a new financial technology hub to be opened in Sydney, in April 2015.[22] According to KPMG, Sydney’s financial services sector in 2017 creates 9 per cent of national GDP and is bigger than the financial services sector in either Hong Kong or Singapore.[23] A financial technology innovation lab was launched in Hong Kong in 2015.[24] In 2015, the Monetary Authority of Singapore launched an initiative named Fintech and Information Group to draw in start-ups from around the world. It pledged to spend $225 million in the fintech sector over the next five years.[25]

While Singapore has been one of the central Fintech hubs in Asia, start ups in the sector from Vietnam and Indonesia have been attracting more venture capital investments in recent years. Since 2014, Southeast Asian Fintech companies have increased VC funding from $35 million to $679 million in 2018 and $1.14 billion in 2019.[9]

Technologies[edit]
Fintech companies use a variety of technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), big data, robotic process automation (RPA), and blockchain.

AI algorithms can provide insight on customer spending habits, allowing financial institutions to better understand their clients. Chatbots are another AI-driven tool that banks are starting to use to help with customer service.[26]

Big data can predict client investments and market changes in order to create new strategies and portfolios, analyze customer spending habits, improve fraud detection, and create marketing strategies.[27][citation needed]

Robotic Process Automation is an artificial intelligence technology that focuses on automating specific repetitive tasks.[28] RPA helps to process financial information such as accounts payable and receivable more efficiently than the manual process and often more accurately.[29]

Blockchain is an emerging technology in finance which has driven significant investment from many companies.[30] The decentralized nature of blockchain can eliminate the need for a third party to execute transactions.[31]

Awards and recognition[edit]
Financial magazine Forbes created a list of the leading disruptors in financial technology for its Forbes 2021 global Fintech 50.[32] In Europe there is a list called the FinTech 50,[33] which aims to recognise the most innovative companies in fintech.[34]

A report published in February 2016 by EY commissioned by the UK Treasury compared seven leading fintech hubs: the United Kingdom, California, New York City, Singapore, Germany, Australia and Hong Kong. It ranked California first for ‘talent’ and ‘capital’, the United Kingdom first for ‘government policy’ and New York City first for ‘demand’.[35]

For the past few years, PwC has posted a report called the “Global Fintech Report”. The 2019 report covers many topics of the financial technology sector, describing the landscape of the “Fintech” industry, and some of the emerging technologies in the sector. And it provides strategies for financial institutions on how to incorporate more “fintech” technologies into their business.[36]

Outlook[edit]
Finance is seen as one of the industries most vulnerable to disruption by software because financial services, much like publishing, are made of information rather than concrete goods. In particular blockchains have the potential to reduce the cost of transacting in a financial system.[37] While finance has been shielded by regulation until now, and weathered the dot-com boom without major upheaval, a new wave of startups is increasingly “disaggregating” global banks.[38] However, aggressive enforcement of the Bank Secrecy Act and money transmission regulations represents an ongoing threat to fintech companies.[39] In response, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank jointly presented Bali Fintech Agenda on October 11, 2018[40] which consists of 12 policy elements acting as a guidelines for various governments and central banking institutions to adopt and deploy “rapid advances in financial technology”.[41]

The New York Venture Capital Association (NYVCA) hosts annual summits to educate those interested in learning more about fintech.[42] In 2018 alone, fintech was responsible for over 1,700 deals worth over 40 billion dollars.[43] In 2021, one in every five dollars invested by venture capital has gone into fintech.[44]

Challenges and solutions[edit]
In addition to established competitors, fintech companies often face doubts from financial regulators like issuing banks and the Federal Government.[45][46] In July 2018, the Trump Administration issued a policy statement that allowed FinTech companies to apply for special purpose national bank charters from the federal Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.[47] Federal preemption applies to state law regarding federally chartered banks.[48]

Data security is another issue regulators are concerned about because of the threat of hacking as well as the need to protect sensitive consumer and corporate financial data.[49][50] Leading global fintech companies are proactively turning to cloud technology to meet increasingly stringent compliance regulations.[51]

The Federal Trade Commission provides free resources for corporations of all sizes to meet their legal obligations of protecting sensitive data.[52] Several private initiatives suggest that multiple layers of defense can help isolate and secure financial data.[53]

In the European Union, fintech companies must adhere to data protection laws, such as GDPR. Companies need to proactively protect users and companies data or face fines of 20 million euros, or in the case of an undertaking, up to 4% of their total global turnover.[54] In addition to GDPR, European financial institutions including fintech firms have to update their regulatory affairs departments with the Payment Services Directive (PSD2), meaning they must organise their revenue structure around a central goal of privacy.[55]

Any data breach, no matter how small, can result in direct liability to a company (see the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act)[56] and ruin a fintech company’s reputation.[57]

The online financial sector is also an increasing target of distributed denial of service extortion attacks.[58][59] This security challenge is also faced by historical bank companies since they do offer Internet-connected customer services.[60]

Many FinTech technologies have very high start-up costs but very low marginal costs for adding additional customers, effectively necessitating many FinTechs to act as natural monopolies.[61]

See also[edit]
References and notes[edit]
Further reading[edit]
* Teigland, R., Siri, S., Larsson, A., Puertas, A. M., & Bogusz, C. I. (Eds.) (2018). The Rise and Development of FinTech (Open Access): Accounts of Disruption from Sweden and Beyond. Routledge. ISBN  .{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
*

Financial Technology Investment Bank San Francisco

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Financial Technology Fintech Definition

What Is Financial Technology – Fintech?
Financial technology (Fintech) is used to describe new tech that seeks to improve and automate the delivery and use of financial services. ​​​At its core, fintech is utilized to help companies, business owners and consumers better manage their financial operations, processes, and lives by utilizing specialized software and algorithms that are used on computers and, increasingly, smartphones. Fintech, the word, is a combination of “financial technology”. 

When fintech emerged in the 21st Century, the term was initially applied to the technology employed at the back-end systems of established financial institutions. ​Since then, however, there has been a shift to more consumer-oriented services and therefore a more consumer-oriented definition. Fintech now includes different sectors and industries such as education, retail banking, fundraising and nonprofit, and investment management to name a few.

Fintech also includes the development and use of crypto-currencies such as bitcoin. While that segment of fintech may see the most headlines, the big money still lies in the traditional global banking industry and its multi-trillion-dollar market capitalization.

Understanding Fintech
Broadly, the term “financial technology” can apply to any innovation in how people transact business, from the invention of digital money to double-entry bookkeeping. Since the internet revolution and the mobile internet/smartphone revolution, however, financial technology has grown explosively, and fintech, which originally referred to computer technology applied to the back office of banks or trading firms, now describes a broad variety of technological interventions into personal and commercial finance.

Fintech now describes a variety of financial activities, such as money transfers, depositing a check with your smartphone, bypassing a bank branch to apply for credit, raising money for a business startup, or managing your investments, generally without the assistance of a person. According to EY’s 2017 Fintech Adoption Index, one-third of consumers utilize at least two or more fintech services and those consumers are also increasingly aware of fintech as a part of their daily lives.

Key Takeaways
* Fintech refers to the integration of technology into offerings by financial services companies in order to improve their use and delivery to consumers.
* It primarily works by unbundling offerings by such firms and creating new markets for them. Startups disrupt incumbents in the finance industry by expanding financial inclusion and using technology to cut down on operational costs.
* Fintech funding is on the rise but regulatory problems abound.

Fintech in Practice
The most talked-about (and most funded) fintech startups share the same characteristic: they are designed to be a threat to, challenge, and eventually usurp entrenched traditional financial services providers by being more nimble, serving an underserved segment or providing faster and/or better service.

For example, Affirm seeks to cut credit card companies out of the online shopping process by offering a way for consumers to secure immediate, short-term loans for purchases. While rates can be high, Affirm claims to offer a way for consumers with poor or no credit a way to both secure credits and also build their credit histories. Similarly, Better Mortgage seeks to streamline the home mortgage process (and obviate traditional mortgage brokers) with a digital-only offering that can reward users with a verified pre-approval letter within 24 hours of applying. GreenSky seeks to link home improvement borrowers with banks by helping consumers avoid entrenched lenders and save on interest by offering zero-interest promotional periods.

For consumers with no or poor credit, Tala offers consumers in the developing world microloans by doing a deep data dig on their smartphones for their transaction history and seemingly unrelated things, such as what mobile games they play. Tala seeks to give such consumers better options than local banks, unregulated lenders and other microfinance institutions.

In short, if you have ever wondered why some aspect of your financial life was so unpleasant (such as applying for a mortgage with a traditional lender) or felt like it wasn’t quite the right fit, fintech probably has (or seeks to have) a solution for you. For example, fintech seeks to answer questions like, “Why is what makes up my FICO score so mysterious and how it is used to judge my creditworthiness?”

As such, loan originator Upstart wants to make FICO (as well as other lenders both traditional and fintech) obsolete by using different data sets to determine creditworthiness. They include employment history, education, and whether a would-be borrower knows their credit score to decide on whether to underwrite and how to price loans. Similar treatment is given to financial services that range from bridge loans for house flippers (LendingHome), to a digital investment platform that addresses the fact that women live longer and have unique savings requirements, tend to earn less than men and have different salary curves that can leave less time for savings to grow (Ellevest). 

Fintech’s Expanding Horizons
Up until now, financial services institutions offered a variety of services under a single umbrella. The scope of these services encompassed a broad range from traditional banking activities to mortgage and trading services. In its most basic form, Fintech unbundles these services into individual offerings. The combination of streamlined offerings with technology enables fintech companies to be more efficient and cut down on costs associated with each transaction.

If one word can describe how many fintech innovations have affected traditional trading, banking, financial advice, and products, it’s ‘disruption,’ like financial products and services that were once the realm of branches, salesmen and desktops move toward mobile devices or simply democratize away from large, entrenched institutions.

For example, the mobile-only stock trading app Robinhood charges no fees for trades, and peer-to-peer lending sites like Prosper Marketplace, Lending Club and OnDeck promise to reduce rates by opening up competition for loans to broad market forces. Business loan providers such as Kabbage, Lendio, Accion and Funding Circle (among others) offer startup and established businesses easy, fast platforms to secure working capital. Oscar, an online insurance startup, received $165 million in funding in March 2018. Such significant funding rounds are not unusual and occur globally for fintech startups.

Entrenched, traditional banks have been paying attention, however, and have invested heavily into becoming more like the companies that seek to disrupt them. For example, investment bank Goldman Sachs launched consumer lending platform Marcus in 2016 and recently expanded its operations to the United Kingdom.

That said, many tech-savvy industry watchers warn that keeping apace of fintech-inspired innovations requires more than just ramped up tech spend. Rather, competing with lighter-on-their-feet startups requires a significant change in thinking, processes, decision-making, and even overall corporate structure.

Fintech and New Tech
New technologies, like machine learning/artificial intelligence, predictive behavioral analytics, and data-driven marketing, will take the guesswork and habit out of financial decisions. “Learning” apps will not only learn the habits of users, often hidden to themselves, but will engage users in learning games to make their automatic, unconscious spending and saving decisions better. Fintech is also a keen adaptor of automated customer service technology, utilizing chatbots to and AI interfaces to assist customers with basic task and also keep down staffing costs. Fintech is also being leveraged to fight fraud by leveraging information about payment history to flag transactions that are outside the norm.

Fintech Landscape
Fintech startups received $17.4 billion in funding in 2016 and were on pace to surpass that sum as of late 2017, according to CB Insights, which counted 26 fintech unicorns globally valued at $83.8 billion. The same firm reported that there were 39 VC-backed fintech unicorns worth $147.37 billion by the end of 2018.

North America produces most of the fintech startups, with Asia a relatively close second. Global fintech funding hit a new high in the first quarter of 2018 let by a significant uptick in deals in North America. Asia, which could surpass the United States in fintech deals, also saw a spike in activity. Funding activity in Europe was at a five-quarter low in Q but surged back in Q2. 

Some of the most active areas of fintech innovation include or revolve around the following areas:

* Cryptocurrency and digital cash.
* Blockchain technology, including Ethereum, a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that maintain records on a network of computers, but has no central ledger.
* Smart contracts, which utilize computer programs (often utilizing the blockchain) to automatically execute contracts between buyers and sellers.
* Open banking, a concept that leans on the blockchain and posits that third-parties should have access to bank data to build applications that create a connected network of financial institutions and third-party providers. An example is the all-in-one money management tool Mint.
* Insurtech, which seeks to use technology to simplify and streamline the insurance industry.
* Regtech, which seeks to help financial service firms meet industry compliance rules, especially those covering Anti-Money Laundering and Know Your Customer protocols which fight fraud.
* Robo-advisors, such as Betterment, utilize algorithms to automate investment advice to lower its cost and increase accessibility.
* Unbanked/underbanked, services that seek to serve disadvantaged or low-income individuals who are ignored or underserved by traditional banks or mainstream financial services companies.
* Cybersecurity, given the proliferation of cybercrime and the decentralized storage of data, cybersecurity and fintech are intertwined.

Fintech Users
There are four broad categories of users for fintech: 1) B2B for banks and 2) their business clients, and 3) B2C for small businesses and 4) consumers. Trends toward mobile banking, increased information, data, and more accurate analytics and decentralization of access will create opportunities for all four groups to interact in heretofore unprecedented ways.

As for consumers, as with most technology, the younger you are the more likely it will be that you are aware of and can accurately describe what fintech is. The fact is that consumer-oriented fintech is mostly targeted toward millennials given the huge size and rising earning (and inheritance) potential of that much-talked-about segment. Some fintech watchers believe that this focus on millennials has more to do with the size of that marketplace than the ability and interest of Gen Xers and Baby Boomers in using fintech. Rather, fintech tends to offer little to older consumers because it fails to address their problems.

When it comes to businesses, before the advent and adoption of fintech, a business owner or startup would have gone to a bank to secure financing or startup capital. If they intended to accept credit card payments they would have to establish a relationship with a credit provider and even install infrastructure, such as a landline-connected card reader. Now, with mobile technology, those hurdles are a thing of the past.

Regulation and Fintech
Financial services are among the most heavily regulated sectors in the world. Not surprisingly, regulation has emerged as the number one concern among governments as fintech companies take off.

As technology is integrated into financial services processes, regulatory problems for such companies have multiplied. In some instances, the problems are a function of technology. In others, they are a reflection of the tech industry’s impatience to disrupt finance.

For example, automation of processes and digitization of data makes fintech systems vulnerable to attacks from hackers. Recent instances of hacks at credit card companies and banks are illustrations of the ease with which bad actors can gain access to systems and cause irreparable damage. The most important questions for consumers in such cases will pertain to the responsibility for such attacks as well as misuse of personal information and important financial data.

There have also been instances where the collision of a technology culture that believes in a “Move fast and break things” philosophy with the conservative and risk-averse world of finance has produced undesirable results. San Francisco-based insurtech startup Zenefits, which was valued at over a billion dollars in private markets, broke California’s insurance laws by allowing unlicensed brokers to sell its products and underwrite insurance policies. The SEC fined the firm $980,000 and they had to pay $7 million to California’s Department of Insurance.

Regulation is also a problem in the emerging world of cryptocurrencies. Initial coin offerings (ICOs) are a new form of fundraising that allows startups to raise capital directly from lay investors. In most countries, they are unregulated and have become fertile ground for scams and frauds. Regulatory uncertainty for ICOs has also allowed entrepreneurs to slip security tokens disguised as utility tokens past the SEC to avoid fees and compliance costs.

Because of the diversity of offerings in fintech and the disparate industries it touches, it is difficult to formulate a single and comprehensive approach to these problems. For the most part, governments have used existing regulations and, in some cases, customized them to regulate fintech.

They have established fintech sandboxes to evaluate the implications of technology in the sector. The passing of General Data Protection Regulation, a framework for collecting and using personal data, in the EU is another attempt to limit the amount of personal data available to banks. Several countries where ICOs are popular, such as Japan and South Korea, have also taken the lead in developing regulations for such offerings to protect investors.

Fintech Financial Technology

What is Fintech (Financial Technology)?
Fintech is a combination of the words “finance” and “technology.” Although it’s a blanket term that can mean many different things, broadly speaking, it describes the evolution of an industry where new technology use-cases are developed and deployed to streamline more traditional-looking finance functions.

While the general public typically associates fintech with really cutting-edge new concepts like blockchainBlockchainBlockchain networking allows maintenance of a growing list of records. Blockchain authentication is what supports cryptocurrency security. and algorithmic trading, the term applies to a very wide variety of much more “boring” applications. They include, but are not limited to, everyday banking, insurance, and other back-office risk management functions.

Mobile banking – something that hundreds of millions of people around the world take completely for granted – is actually technology supporting the delivery of traditional banking services (aka fintech). Even your Starbucks app is a form of financial technology in that it facilitates payments and a proprietary rewards program using a mobile device.

Summary
* Fintech is a combination of the words “finance” and “technology.”
* While many flashy, emerging technologies have grabbed headlines, fintech offers a variety of very traditional use cases.
* Fintech touches many of our lives daily without us even realizing it.

Understanding Financial Technology
Fintech is considered by many to be a relatively recent development, which is not entirely accurate. While it has evolved very quickly over the last decade, that’s mainly due to advancements in technology, more generally, which are now being applied to the finance sector.

Financial institutions have sought to streamline service delivery and cut costs by using technology for many decades, including the advent of the first automated teller machine (ATM)Automated Teller Machine (ATM)An Automated Teller Machine, better known as an ATM, is a specialized computer that makes it convenient for bank account holders to manage their money as far back as the 1960s. Even credit cards, which predate ATMs, were a revolutionary technological advancement in the payments space relative to cash and cheques.

The technologies that underpin fintech business models vary considerably. They include blockchain technology, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learningLoan Default Prediction with Machine LearningIn this course, learn basic Machine Learning skills to predict loan default using predictive models. Enroll today and advance your career with BIDA by CFI., and other big data functions like robotic processing automation (RPA). Each use case is unique, but the underlying theme is a collective effort to disaggregate the financial services sector, which, historically, has enjoyed a highly protected status due to high levels of regulation.

How are Fintechs Impacting Traditional Financial Services Firms?
Traditional financial services providersBanking Products and ServicesThe Banking Products and Services course is designed for those looking to become familiar with the products offered at global banks. Advance your career with CFI online courses. (mainly banks and credit unions) serve three core functions:

1. They hold money – including deposits and a variety of investment products.
2. They lend money – including both secured loans (like mortgages) and unsecured loans (like student lines of credit).
3. They move money – everything from simple, everyday payments to international money transfers using global networks like SWIFTSWIFTSwift is a vast and secure messaging system that allows banks and financial institutions worldwide to send and receive encrypted information. (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications).

CryptocurrenciesIntroduction to CryptocurrencyIn CFI’s Free Cryptocurrency Course, students will get comprehensive overview of crypto, blockchain, digital keys, hash functions, and more. Enroll today!, for example, have been a major development in the payments space (moving money). And while there is much debate about whether or not cryptocurrencies are actual currencies, there is no doubt that they can serve as a medium of exchange.

The blockchain technology that underpins the various cryptos exists with the principal purpose of decentralizing (the historically very centralized) finance sector – bypassing traditional banks, financial institutions, and payment channels – often called the legacy financial system. Defi is itself a recent term and a by-product of the fintech revolution. It’s a combination of the words “decentralized finance.”

Countless other fintechs in the payment space have slowly started chipping away at the legacy financial system, including apps that have become everyday household names like Stripe, Venmo, Alipay, and even Apple Pay.

The lending money component of traditional financial services firms is being disrupted by fintech businesses as well. They include new products and services like buy-now-pay-later (BNPL), peer-to-peer lending platforms (P2P), and a variety of fast and highly automated underwriting programs (using AI and RPA-driven algorithms) to drive speedy credit decisions and fundings for both consumers and businesses – eliminating the friction of borrowing from a traditional financial services firm.

And finally, the financial services industry’s traditional function of holding money is not immune to the fintech revolution, either. These include altogether virtual banks, which hold charters and clear all required regulatory hurdles within their various jurisdictions.

The business of investing has been particularly transformed, with the democratization of trading effectively hollowing out the brokerage industry as we know it. They were formerly very high-margin, fee-based businesses, but online discount brokerages have forced many firms to waive their fees altogether in order to remain competitive.

An entire generation of young consumers engage almost exclusively with robo-advisorsRobo-AdvisorsRobo-advisors are online investment management services that employ mathematical algorithms to provide financial advice with minimal human intervention. (like Wealthsimple) and savings apps (like Acorn); they rarely set foot in a physical bank branch.

The fintech revolution has created a variety of important and growing subcategories. They include the aforementioned “defi,” “insuretech” (insurance technologies), and “regtech” (regulation technology), among others.

Related Readings
Thank you for reading CFI’s guide to Fintech (Financial Technology). To keep advancing your career, the additional resources below will be helpful:

* Algorithmic TradingAlgorithmic TradingAlgorithmic trading strategies involve making trading decisions based on pre-set rules that are programmed into a computer.
* Online Payment CompaniesOnline Payment CompaniesOnline payment companies are responsible for handling online or internet-based methods of payment. Examples include PayPal, Alipay, and Google Pay.
* Artificial Intelligence (AI)Artificial Intelligence (AI)Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a broad branch of computer science that is focused on a machine’s capability to produce rational behavior from external inputs.
* Types of Financial AnalysisTypes of Financial AnalysisFinancial analysis involves using financial data to assess a company’s performance and make recommendations about how it can improve going forward. Financial Analysts primarily carry out their work in Excel, using a spreadsheet to analyze historical data and make projections Types of Financial Analysis